Cataract is a cloudy , opaque lenses of our eyes. Cataract causes clouding of the lens of the eye that lies between the iris and pupil. The lens functions similar to an camera lens, by focussing light onto the retina in the rear in the eye. The lens also regulates the eye's focus, which lets us see clearly near and far away. Most cataracts are caused by ageing. Cataracts are common among elderly individuals.

Cataracts can be seen in one the eyes or in both. It is not possible for it to spread between the eyes of one across the eye. Cataracts can be present before or soon after the time of birth. They are also known as congenital cataracts. Cataracts can be classified into three types : primary, the most frequently observed when it develops. The cataract develops within the nucleus or middle of the lens and is caused by natural age-related changes. It isn't able to move between eyes. other.

Secondry, also known as cortical cataract which develops in the lens cortex and slowly extending its spokes from the outer of the lens until the middle. A lot of diabetics have cortical cataracts.Third is subcapsular cataract that begins at the rear part of the lens. Individuals who suffer from diabetes, hyper-fossicularity or retinitis pigmentosa, as well as those who are taking high doses steroids can develop subcapsular cataract. Congenital cataracts are also caused by infections that affect pregnant mothers and postpartum, like rubella. They also are associated with metabolic disorders, such as galactosemia. The risk factors for cataracts caused by congenital causes include metabolic disorders that are inherited as well as the presence of cataracts in the family and a maternal viral infection during pregnancy. Congenital cataracts can be passed down through the generations. The gene responsible for these cataracts can be dominating (autosomal dominant inheritance) meaning that the gene with a defect will result in the problem even when only one parent is able to pass it on.

The causes of Cataract

  1. Injury and/or trauma.
  2. Genetic causes (congenital cataracts).
  3. Exposition to light from ultraviolet.
  4. Diet that is high in antioxidants, beta-carotene (vitamin A).
  5. Heavy alcohol consumption.

The signs of Cataract

  1. Cloudy or blurry vision
  2. Problems that involve light, for example headlights that are too bright.
  3. Faded colors.
  4. Poor night vision.
  5. Frequent adjustments in prescriptions for eyeglasses or contact lens.

Treatment for Cataract

The only option for treating cataract surgery is to eliminate it. Cataract surgery has been proven to be extremely effective in improving vision. In fact, it's the most often performed procedure across the United States, with over 1.5 million cataract surgeries completed every year. There are two kinds of surgeries that could be used to eliminate lenses that are cataract-prone.

The first one is extracapsular surgery. It involves removing surgically the lens, leaving the back of the capsule (the exterior covering that covers the lens) intact.

Second, a process called intracapsular surgery involves removing the lens, including the capsule, through a surgical incision caused by high-frequency sound waves (phacoemulsification).